The Best Bathroom Flooring for Homes in Arizona: A Complete Guide to Cool, Durable Materials

Choose Comfort, Durability, and Easy Maintenance

Choosing bathroom flooring in the East Valley area of Arizona isn’t just about aesthetics—it’s about finding materials that can handle our unique desert climate while staying comfortable underfoot during those scorching summer months. At Ledezma Remodeling, we’ve helped countless Gilbert homeowners select bathroom flooring that combines beauty, durability, and the cool-to-the-touch comfort that Arizona living demands.

Whether you’re remodeling a master bathroom, updating a guest bath, or planning a complete home renovation, this comprehensive guide will help you understand which flooring materials work best in Arizona’s intense heat and low humidity, and why proper ventilation is just as crucial as your flooring choice.

Why Arizona Bathroom Flooring Requires Special Consideration

Arizona’s climate presents unique challenges that make bathroom flooring selection particularly important. With summer temperatures regularly exceeding 110°F in Gilbert, AZ, and surrounding areas, the materials you choose can dramatically affect your comfort and your home’s energy efficiency.

The Heat Factor

Unlike many parts of the country where bathroom flooring needs to feel warm, Arizona homeowners need the opposite—flooring that stays cool and comfortable even when outdoor temperatures soar. Materials that absorb and retain heat can make your bathroom uncomfortably warm and increase cooling costs as your air conditioning works harder to compensate.

Low Humidity Challenges

Arizona’s exceptionally dry climate means that while we don’t face the same mold and mildew challenges as humid regions, we do need to consider how materials respond to low humidity levels. Some materials can dry out, crack, or separate in our arid environment, making material selection critical for long-term durability.

Temperature Fluctuations

Arizona homes experience significant temperature swings between day and night, even in summer. Your bathroom flooring needs to handle these fluctuations without expanding, contracting, or showing wear over time.

Water and Moisture Management

Even in our dry climate, bathrooms generate moisture and humidity. Without proper ventilation and appropriate flooring materials, this moisture can cause problems. The right combination of flooring and ventilation creates a bathroom that’s comfortable, healthy, and built to last.

Natural Stone: The Coolest Choice for Arizona Bathrooms

Natural stone flooring is the gold standard for Arizona bathrooms, offering unparalleled beauty and the cool-to-the-touch comfort that makes stepping out of the shower pleasant even on the hottest summer days.

Marble: Luxurious and Naturally Cool

Marble is perhaps the most luxurious option for Arizona bathroom flooring, prized for its cool surface temperature, elegant appearance, and timeless appeal.

Why Marble Stays Cool

Marble’s natural properties make it excellent at dissipating heat. The stone’s density and crystalline structure allow it to maintain a consistently cool temperature, typically 10-15 degrees cooler than the ambient air temperature. This means that even when your bathroom is warm, marble floors remain refreshingly cool underfoot.

Best Marble Choices for Arizona Bathrooms

  • Carrara Marble: The classic choice with soft gray veining on a white background. Carrara is relatively affordable compared to other marbles and works beautifully in both traditional and contemporary Arizona bathrooms.
  • Calacatta Marble: For a more dramatic look, Calacatta features bolder, more dramatic veining. It’s more expensive than Carrara but creates a stunning, high-end appearance.
  • Crema Marfil: A warm-toned marble with beige and cream coloring that complements Arizona’s desert aesthetic beautifully while still maintaining marble’s cool properties.
  • Travertine (Technically Marble Family): While softer than true marble, travertine offers similar cooling properties with a more rustic, textured appearance that’s quintessentially Southwest.

Marble Tile Sizes and Formats

  • Large Format (12×24″ or larger): Creates a seamless, spa-like appearance with fewer grout lines, making the bathroom feel more spacious and easier to clean.
  • Classic Squares (12×12″): Traditional sizing that works well in smaller bathrooms and creates a timeless look.
  • Slabs: For the ultimate luxury, marble slabs create a seamless floor with minimal grout lines—the most expensive option but undeniably stunning.
  • Mosaics and Hexagons: Smaller formats add texture and visual interest while providing better slip resistance in wet areas.

Marble Maintenance Considerations

Marble requires sealing to protect against stains and etching, particularly important in bathrooms where toiletries and cleaning products can damage unsealed stone. Plan to seal marble floors every 6-12 months in Arizona’s dry climate. Despite the maintenance requirements, many Arizona homeowners find marble’s beauty and cooling properties worth the extra care.

Cost Considerations: Marble typically ranges from $10-40+ per square foot for materials, depending on quality and rarity, plus professional installation costs.

Granite: Durable and Low-Maintenance Cool Stone

Granite offers similar cooling properties to marble with significantly more durability and less maintenance—making it an excellent choice for busy Arizona families.

Why Granite Works in Arizona Bathrooms

Like marble, granite naturally stays cool to the touch due to its dense crystalline structure. However, granite is harder and less porous than marble, making it more resistant to scratches, stains, and etching. This durability means less maintenance and longer-lasting beauty in Arizona’s challenging climate.

Best Granite Choices for Arizona Bathrooms

  • Light Gray Granites: Colors like “Silver Cloud” or “Kashmir White” reflect light, keep bathrooms feeling bright, and show less water spotting from Arizona’s hard water.
  • Beige and Tan Granites: Warm-toned granites like “Giallo Ornamental” or “New Venetian Gold” complement Arizona’s desert landscape and traditional Southwest style.
  • Black and Dark Granites: While they stay cool, dark granites can show water spots more readily—consider this with Gilbert’s hard water, though they create dramatic, contemporary statements.

Granite Finishes

  • Polished: The most common finish, polished granite is smooth, reflective, and shows the stone’s colors most vibrantly. It stays coolest to the touch.
  • Honed: A matte finish that’s slightly less slippery when wet and hides water spots better—a practical choice for Arizona bathrooms.
  • Flamed/Textured: Provides excellent slip resistance for shower floors and larger bathrooms where safety is paramount.

Granite Maintenance

Granite requires less maintenance than marble. Seal once a year (or less frequently depending on the specific granite), and it resists staining, scratching, and etching much better than marble. This makes granite ideal for kids’ bathrooms or high-traffic guest baths.

Cost Considerations: Granite flooring typically ranges from $8-25 per square foot for materials, offering similar aesthetics to marble at a lower price point with less maintenance.

Limestone and Travertine: Warm Desert Stone

Limestone and travertine bring authentic Southwest character while maintaining the cool properties Arizona bathrooms need.

Travertine’s Unique Appeal

Travertine is incredibly popular in Arizona for good reason—it evokes the region’s natural landscape, stays cool underfoot, and develops a beautiful patina over time. The stone’s natural pitting and texture create a rustic, organic appearance that complements both traditional and contemporary Arizona homes.

Travertine Color Options

  • Classic Beige/Ivory: The most traditional choice, ranging from pale cream to warm honey tones
  • Walnut/Noce: Warmer brown tones that add depth and richness
  • Silver/Gray: Cooler tones for contemporary Arizona bathrooms
  • Gold/Yellow: Warm, sunny tones that glow under Arizona’s natural light

Travertine Finishes

  • Tumbled: Rounded edges and textured surface for a rustic, aged appearance
  • Honed: Smooth, matte finish that’s elegant and less slippery
  • Polished: Glossy finish (less common for floors) that shows the stone’s color most dramatically
  • Brushed: Slightly textured finish that provides slip resistance while staying smooth

Travertine Considerations

The natural pitting in travertine can collect dirt and requires regular sealing. However, many Arizona homeowners embrace this as part of the stone’s character. Filled travertine (where holes are filled with resin or grout) is easier to maintain while filled and honed travertine offers the best balance of beauty and practicality.

Cost Considerations: Travertine typically ranges from $5-15 per square foot, making it one of the more affordable natural stone options.

Slate: Textured and Naturally Cool

Slate offers unique texture and color variations while maintaining excellent cooling properties.

Why Slate Works

Slate’s layered structure creates natural texture that provides excellent slip resistance—particularly important in wet bathroom areas. It stays cool underfoot and offers dramatic color variations that add character to Arizona bathrooms.

Best Slate Options

  • Multicolor/Autumn: Warm earth tones (browns, golds, greens) that complement Southwest aesthetics
  • Black/Gray: Dramatic contemporary look, though shows water spots more readily
  • Gray-Green: Unique coloring that works beautifully with sage and gray color schemes

Slate Considerations

Slate requires sealing and can be more uneven than other stone options due to its naturally cleft surface. This texture provides grip but may be less comfortable for some homeowners. It’s an excellent choice for contemporary or rustic Arizona bathrooms but may feel too casual for formal spaces.

Cost Considerations: Slate typically ranges from $5-15 per square foot, similar to travertine pricing.

Porcelain Tile: The Most Practical Cool Flooring Choice

While natural stone offers unmatched authenticity, porcelain tile has become the most popular choice for Arizona bathroom flooring—and for excellent reasons.

Why Porcelain Excels in Arizona

Porcelain tile offers the perfect combination of cool-to-the-touch comfort, durability, low maintenance, and affordability. Modern manufacturing techniques create porcelain that beautifully mimics natural stone and wood while eliminating many of natural materials’ drawbacks.

Cooling Properties

High-quality porcelain tile stays nearly as cool as natural stone—typically just 2-3 degrees warmer than marble or granite. For most Arizona homeowners, this minimal difference is imperceptible, especially given porcelain’s other advantages.

Durability in Arizona’s Climate

Porcelain is extremely dense and non-porous, making it virtually impervious to moisture and completely stable in Arizona’s low humidity and temperature fluctuations. Unlike natural stone that can develop small fissures or separation in extreme conditions, porcelain remains perfectly stable year after year.

Low Maintenance

Porcelain requires no sealing, resists staining naturally, and handles Arizona’s hard water better than natural stone. This makes it ideal for busy families, rental properties, or homeowners who want beautiful floors without ongoing maintenance requirements.

Stone-Look Porcelain: Natural Beauty Without the Maintenance

Modern stone-look porcelain tile is so realistic that it’s often indistinguishable from natural stone, even to experienced eyes.

Marble-Look Porcelain

Today’s marble-look porcelain captures the veining, depth, and luminosity of real marble while offering significant practical advantages:

  • No Sealing Required: Maintains its beauty without annual maintenance
  • Stain Resistant: Toiletries, cosmetics, and cleaning products won’t etch or stain the surface
  • Consistent Color: No variation between tiles if you prefer a uniform look, or intentional variation if you want natural stone character
  • Lower Cost: Typically 30-50% less expensive than comparable natural marble

Popular Marble-Look Options:

  • Carrara marble look in various formats (12×24″, 24×48″, or larger)
  • Calacatta marble look for dramatic, high-end bathrooms
  • Statuario marble look for the ultimate luxury aesthetic

Granite and Stone-Look Porcelain

Porcelain that mimics granite, limestone, and other stones offers the same practical advantages with different aesthetics:

  • Granite-Look: Perfect for contemporary bathrooms, available in grays, blacks, beiges, and earth tones
  • Limestone-Look: Softer, more organic appearance for transitional or traditional spaces
  • Travertine-Look: Captures travertine’s warmth and texture without the maintenance and with more consistent sizing

Application Tips

For the most realistic stone appearance, choose large-format tiles (24×48″ or larger) with rectified edges, minimal grout lines, and varied tile patterns rather than repetitive layouts.

Wood-Look Porcelain: Warmth Without the Worry

Wood-look porcelain has revolutionized bathroom flooring in Arizona, offering the warmth and beauty of hardwood with the cool, practical properties of tile.

Why Wood-Look Porcelain Works

While real wood would feel warm underfoot (undesirable in Arizona) and can’t handle bathroom moisture, wood-look porcelain stays cool, resists water completely, and captures wood’s beauty perfectly. Modern printing technology creates grain patterns, knots, and color variations so realistic that most people cannot distinguish it from real wood.

Cooling Considerations

Wood-look porcelain stays cool to the touch just like stone-look porcelain—significantly cooler than vinyl planks or real wood. This makes it perfect for Arizona bathrooms where you want wood’s aesthetic warmth without physical warmth underfoot.

Best Wood-Look Options for Arizona Bathrooms

  • Light Gray or White-Washed Looks: Create bright, airy contemporary bathrooms while staying cool
  • Medium Warm Tones: Honey and caramel colors complement Southwest style and feel natural in Arizona homes
  • Weathered and Reclaimed Looks: Add character and work beautifully in transitional or rustic bathrooms
  • Gray-Brown Tones: Bridge contemporary and traditional styles perfectly

Plank Sizes and Installation

  • Wide Planks (8″ or wider): More contemporary, upscale appearance with fewer grout lines
  • Standard Planks (6-7″): Traditional wood floor appearance
  • Mixed Widths: Most realistic natural wood appearance
  • Installation Patterns: Straight lay, herringbone, or chevron patterns add visual interest

Cost Considerations: Wood-look porcelain typically ranges from $3-12 per square foot, making it affordable while providing high-end appearance.

Large-Format Porcelain: Contemporary Minimalism

Large-format porcelain tiles (typically 24×48″ or larger, up to 5’x10′ slabs) create sleek, modern Arizona bathrooms with minimal grout lines.

Benefits of Large-Format Tile

  • Fewer Grout Lines: Easier to clean and maintain, particularly important with Arizona’s hard water
  • Contemporary Aesthetic: Creates seamless, spa-like bathrooms
  • Makes Small Spaces Feel Larger: Fewer visual interruptions make bathrooms appear more spacious
  • Stays Cool: Large-format porcelain maintains excellent cooling properties

Installation Considerations

Large-format tile requires perfectly flat subfloors and experienced installation—not a DIY project. However, the result is worth the investment: bathrooms that look like high-end spas with minimal grout maintenance.

Popular Applications

  • Floor-to-ceiling installations using the same tile for both floors and walls
  • Seamless shower pan to shower wall transitions
  • Creating “floating” vanity areas with continuous flooring

Cost Considerations: Large-format porcelain ranges from $8-20 per square foot, with higher installation costs due to specialized requirements.

Porcelain Tile Ratings and Specifications

When selecting porcelain tile for Arizona bathrooms, understand these important specifications:

PEI Rating (Wear Resistance)

  • PEI 3: Suitable for all residential bathrooms
  • PEI 4-5: Commercial-grade durability, ideal for high-traffic guest baths

Water Absorption Rate

  • Porcelain: Less than 0.5% (nearly waterproof)
  • Ceramic: Up to 3% (less suitable for Arizona bathrooms)
  • Always choose true porcelain over ceramic for bathroom floors

Slip Resistance

  • Polished: Slipperiest, best for low-traffic areas or areas that don’t get wet
  • Matte/Honed: Good slip resistance for most bathroom applications
  • Textured: Best slip resistance for shower floors and large bathrooms

Rectified vs. Non-Rectified Edges

  • Rectified: Precisely cut edges allow for minimal grout lines (1/16″ to 1/8″)
  • Non-Rectified: Require wider grout lines but are typically less expensive

Flooring Materials to Avoid in Arizona Bathrooms

While we’ve covered excellent options, some popular bathroom flooring materials don’t work well in Arizona’s unique climate.

Real Hardwood: Beautiful But Impractical

Hardwood absorbs and retains heat, making it uncomfortably warm underfoot during Arizona summers. It also expands and contracts with moisture changes, can warp from bathroom humidity, and requires maintenance that’s challenging in our climate. Wood-look porcelain provides all the beauty without these problems.

Vinyl and LVP (Luxury Vinyl Plank): Warm and Less Durable

While vinyl has improved dramatically, it still retains heat more than tile or stone, making it less comfortable in Arizona. LVP can also soften in extreme heat, show wear patterns faster in high-traffic areas, and typically doesn’t last as long as porcelain or natural stone in our climate. The initial cost savings rarely justify the comfort and longevity trade-offs.

Carpet: Moisture and Hygiene Concerns

While some older Arizona homes have carpeted bathrooms, this is generally not recommended. Carpet traps moisture, can develop mold even in dry climates, retains heat, and is difficult to keep clean in bathrooms. If inheriting a carpeted bathroom, replacing it with tile or stone should be a remodeling priority.

Standard Ceramic Tile: Less Durable Alternative

While ceramic tile can work, porcelain’s superior density, durability, and lower water absorption make it the better choice for Arizona bathrooms. The minimal price difference rarely justifies choosing ceramic over porcelain for floor applications.

The Critical Role of Ventilation in Arizona Bathrooms

Even with the perfect flooring choice, your bathroom needs proper ventilation to control humidity, prevent moisture damage, and maintain comfort—yes, even in Arizona’s dry climate.

Why Ventilation Matters in Desert Climates

Many Arizona homeowners mistakenly believe that our low humidity means bathroom ventilation isn’t important. In reality, bathrooms generate significant moisture through showers, baths, and sinks, and this humidity needs somewhere to go.

Without Proper Ventilation:

  • Moisture can seep into grout, causing degradation over time
  • Excess humidity can affect adjoining rooms and closets
  • Mirrors and fixtures develop water spots more readily
  • Mold and mildew can develop in grout lines and caulked areas
  • The bathroom feels muggy and uncomfortable even in our dry climate
  • Paint and wallpaper can peel or bubble
  • Doors and cabinetry can warp from moisture exposure

Choosing the Right Vent Fan for Arizona Bathrooms

The right ventilation fan is as important as your flooring choice for long-term bathroom health.

Sizing Your Vent Fan

Bathroom fans are rated in CFM (cubic feet per minute). Calculate the size you need:

  • Standard Method: 1 CFM per square foot of bathroom space
  • Master Bathrooms: Consider 50-80 CFM minimum, even if the bathroom is small
  • Large Master Suites: 80-110 CFM or higher
  • Powder Rooms: 50 CFM minimum

For Arizona bathrooms, consider sizing up one level from the minimum calculation—the extra ventilation capacity helps manage moisture more effectively.

Essential Fan Features

  • Quiet Operation: Look for fans rated at 1.0 sones or less so you’ll actually use it
  • Energy Efficiency: ENERGY STAR certified fans use less electricity—important given how often you’ll run it
  • Humidity Sensors: Automatically turn on when humidity rises and off when it returns to normal
  • Timers: Allow the fan to continue running after you leave the bathroom
  • Light Integration: Combination fan/light fixtures save space in smaller bathrooms

Recommended Brands

  • Panasonic WhisperCeiling: Industry-leading quiet operation and reliability
  • Broan: Affordable, reliable, widely available
  • Delta Breez: Excellent mid-range options with good features
  • NuTone: Wide range of options from basic to premium

Proper Vent Fan Usage

Even the best vent fan only works if you use it properly:

  • Run During Showers: Turn the fan on before you start the shower
  • Continue Running After: Leave the fan running for 15-20 minutes after showering
  • Use Humidity Sensors: If your fan has a humidity sensor, enable it
  • Regular Cleaning: Clean fan covers quarterly to maintain efficiency
  • Professional Maintenance: Have the fan motor and ductwork inspected every few years

Ducting and Venting

Proper ducting is crucial for fan effectiveness:

  • Vent to the Exterior: Never vent into attics or crawl spaces
  • Shortest Path Possible: Minimize duct length and bends
  • Proper Duct Material: Use rigid metal ducts rather than flexible ducting when possible
  • Exterior Vents: Ensure exterior vents have proper dampers to prevent pests and hot air from entering

In Arizona’s climate, proper venting also prevents hot attic air from being drawn into bathrooms when pressure imbalances occur.

Grout Selection for Arizona Bathroom Floors

Your grout choice significantly impacts your flooring’s appearance, maintenance, and longevity—particularly important given Arizona’s hard water.

Grout Types

Sanded Grout

  • Used for grout lines 1/8″ or wider
  • More durable for floor applications
  • Available in many colors
  • Requires sealing to prevent staining

Unsanded Grout

  • Used for grout lines less than 1/8″
  • Smoother finish
  • Better for marble and other soft stones that sanded grout might scratch
  • Also requires sealing

Epoxy Grout

  • Most durable and stain-resistant option
  • Never requires sealing
  • Excellent for Arizona’s hard water
  • More expensive and challenging to install
  • Worth the investment for long-term maintenance reduction

Grout Color Strategy

Light Grout

  • Shows dirt more readily but makes rooms feel larger
  • Best with frequent cleaning routine
  • Works beautifully with white or light-colored tile

Medium Gray Grout

  • Most practical choice for Arizona bathrooms
  • Hides dirt and hard water stains better than white
  • Still light enough to keep bathrooms feeling bright
  • Works with most tile colors

Dark Grout

  • Dramatic contemporary look
  • Can show hard water deposits (common in Gilbert)
  • Best with darker tiles
  • Creates strong geometric patterns with tile layout

Matching Grout to Tile

  • Creates seamless, cohesive appearance
  • Makes rooms feel larger
  • Best for marble-look or large-format tiles

Grout Line Width

Narrow Grout Lines (1/16″ to 1/8″)

  • More contemporary appearance
  • Easier to clean
  • Requires rectified tile and skilled installation
  • Best for large-format porcelain

Standard Grout Lines (1/8″ to 1/4″)

  • Traditional appearance
  • Easier installation
  • Works with most tile types
  • More forgiving of slight tile variations

Wide Grout Lines (1/4″+)

  • Rustic or traditional aesthetic
  • Better for hand-made or natural stone tiles
  • More grout maintenance required

Grout Sealing

For non-epoxy grout, sealing is essential in Arizona:

  • Initial Sealing: 72 hours after grout installation
  • Resealing Frequency: Every 6-12 months for floors
  • Sealer Type: Penetrating sealers work best for floors
  • Hard Water Consideration: More frequent sealing may be needed in areas with heavy hard water exposure

Installation Considerations for Arizona Bathrooms

Proper installation is crucial for flooring longevity in Arizona’s climate.

Subfloor Preparation

Arizona’s soil movement and foundation settling require excellent subfloor preparation:

  • Level Surface: Critical for large-format tiles and natural stone
  • Crack Isolation Membrane: Recommended for all Arizona tile installations to prevent floor cracks from transferring to tile
  • Waterproof Membrane: Essential in wet areas like shower pans
  • Proper Slope: Especially important for shower floors to ensure water drainage

Acclimation

Allow tiles and materials to acclimate to your home’s temperature for 24-48 hours before installation. This prevents expansion or contraction after installation.

Professional vs. DIY Installation

Professional Installation Recommended For:

  • Natural stone (especially marble and granite)
  • Large-format tiles (24×48″ or larger)
  • Complex patterns (herringbone, chevron, etc.)
  • Walk-in showers with multiple planes and slopes
  • Any installation where perfection matters

Potential DIY Projects:

  • Small powder rooms with standard-size porcelain
  • Simple patterns in low-stakes areas
  • If you have tile installation experience

The investment in professional installation typically pays for itself through proper execution, warranty coverage, and avoiding costly mistakes.

Installation Timing

Arizona’s extreme temperatures affect installation:

  • Avoid Peak Summer: Mortar and adhesives can dry too quickly when temperatures exceed 110°F
  • Optimal Timing: Spring or fall provides ideal installation conditions
  • Climate Control: Keep the home air-conditioned during installation and curing

Ledezma Remodeling’s Top Recommendations

After years of bathroom remodeling experience in Gilbert and throughout Arizona, here are our top recommendations for different scenarios:

Best Overall Value: Wood-look porcelain in medium tones provides beautiful aesthetics, stays cool, requires minimal maintenance, and offers excellent durability at a reasonable price point.

Most Luxurious: Natural marble (Carrara or Calacatta) creates the ultimate spa-like bathroom, though it requires more maintenance.

Most Practical: Marble-look or stone-look porcelain in large formats gives you high-end appearance with virtually no maintenance.

Best for Resale: Neutral-toned porcelain (marble-look, stone-look, or light wood-look) appeals to the broadest range of buyers.

Best for Busy Families: Large-format porcelain with epoxy grout creates beautiful, easy-to-maintain bathrooms that handle heavy use.

Most Authentic Arizona Character: Travertine captures Southwest aesthetic while staying cool and comfortable.

Make Your Arizona Bathroom Flooring Decision with Confidence

Choosing the right bathroom flooring for your Arizona home requires balancing aesthetics, comfort, maintenance, and budget. The good news? With excellent options ranging from luxurious natural stone to practical high-performance porcelain, you can create a bathroom that stays cool, looks beautiful, and lasts for decades.

At Ledezma Remodeling, we help Gilbert homeowners navigate these decisions every day. We’ll help you:

  • Select flooring that stays cool and comfortable in Arizona’s heat
  • Choose materials that work with your maintenance preferences and lifestyle
  • Design proper ventilation systems to protect your investment
  • Execute flawless installations that last
  • Stay within budget while achieving your desired look

Your bathroom flooring is a long-term investment in your home’s comfort, value, and beauty. With the right materials, proper installation, and adequate ventilation, your Arizona bathroom will provide cool comfort and stunning style for years to come.

Ready to start your Arizona bathroom remodel? 

Contact Ledezma Remodeling today to discuss flooring options that will keep your feet cool and your bathroom beautiful, even in the Gilbert heat.

Ledezma Remodeling